[1] Advanced speakers of a second language typically aim for intelligibility, especially in situations where they work in their second language and the necessity of being understood is high. Maybe I could offer you somehow help? It exists in differing degrees among many related or geographically proximate languages of the world, often in the context of a dialect continuum. Ikavian Chakavian has two branches Southwestern Istrian and Southern Chakavian. What sort of Slav nation are you a part of my friend? I once had a conversation with a young woman from the Czech Republic. It all adds up, man. Thanks for clearing this up! The Answer, and Examples for 8 World Languages. For Kai-Cha it was less shocking as many words were taught by their parents (or they remembered them from childhood, before the school system forces you to use only the Std Cro). "A New Methodology for Romance Classification". I have read a book from Fraenkel/Kramer I believe or something similar, which said (according to some empiry) that Macedonians were easily switching to Serbian in comparison to Slovenes who stuck to their language in the time of Yugoslavia. There is much nonsense said about the mutual intelligibility of the various languages in the Slavic family. I can read and understand a lot of Bulgarian in written form, its basically old slavic , many such words are simply obsolete or archaic in modern serbian, but i do get the gist of any written article. A prima example of this is Russian where the 5% intelligibility could be pretty accurate in the case of a regular communication, because Russians have a very strong intonation, and they simply dont pronounce vowels properly. As a native of Ni, I can say that the Serbo-CroatianMacedonian figures might be roughly on-point. Lets say a young Czech goes to Slovakia without prior exposure to Slovak. However, Russian is only 74% mutually intelligible with spoken Belarusian and 50% mutually intelligible with spoken Ukrainian. [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-YqET96OO0&fs=1&hl=en_GB]. A Serb gave me this information. Id like to know about written mutual intelligibility, because, about spoken mutual intelligibility, there are people from portugal that cannot understand brazilians and vice-versa, though they speak the same language. 99% of people in Ukraine are bilinguals who essentially speak and learn both Russian and Ukrainian from birth (although depending on the region, ones prevailence over the other varies). Everything else we chalk up to bilingual learning as we call it and we do not think it is accurate. You cant honestly believe that 19 hijackers from Saudi Arabia armed only with boxcutters where able to attack US biggest most powerful landmarks given all the hard factual evidence not including things like thermite or if a missile hit the Pentagon or other junk like that. This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you If you speak Russian, you might be surprised at how much Ukrainian you understand. If one takes the transitional dialects which make a triangle between Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian, one can say that it is also one language. Im The Lizard King, I Can Do Anything! let me guess, British bankers/Zionists/Rosthchild family/British oil companies/British special forces/Mossad was behind it? Cieszyn Silesian speakers strongly reject the notion that they speak the same language as Upper Silesians. In contrast, Filipovi is talking slowly, and although some words have a different stress than in Czech, I can identify them pretty well and hence listening to this guy is basically like reading a written text in Serbo-Croatian. However, Chakavian magazines are published even today (Jembrigh 2014). There are some dialects around Buzet that seem to be the remains of old Kajkavian-Chakavian transitional dialects (Jembrigh 2014). As soon as one gets even a very moderate amount of exposure, comprehension improves, even between such geographically distant languages as Polish and Serbian I remember staying in Montenegro and a Pole buying bread and a Montenegrin could still communicate with each other speaking at a slow-enough pace. Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family. I speak Slovenian and Croats think that I can speak Kaikavian. Young Czechs and Slovaks talk to each other a lot via the Internet. Kajkavian is probably closer to Slovenian than it is to Chakavian. As an addendum, Id like to make it known that my own grandmother, who hails from a village some twenty kilometers southwest of Ni, got lost in Belgrade once but has no problem getting around Skopje. A Slovak from Bratislava can and does understand eastern Slovak dialects, he might have to tune his ear a bit, but I know because Ive talked to many members of my family about this and other Slovaks and they all say it sounds really stupid and a few words are different but they definantly understand. Eastern Slovak has 82% intelligibility of Rusyn and 72% of Ukrainian. For the south slavic speakers, it is a commonism, almost a joke, for a Serb and a Croat to argue---in a mutually intelligible language---that . She introduces her and her two friends from the Czech republic and Spain, Because she speaks very clearly and slowly, I understand everything between 0:25-0:32, but then she starts a fast flood of words and between 0:32-0:36 I basically hear only s. Speakers of the Torlak dialect (any Torlak dialect) understand Serbo-Croation, Macedonian and Bulgarian with no problem, and can comprehand Slovenian as much as 80-90% within a few weeks of exposure. During the last 20 years, Ukraine has tried to make the language norm as far from Russian as possible for nationalistic reasons. Robert does look at these stories. . Nevertheless, although intelligibility with Slovenian is high, Kajkavian lacks full intelligibility with Slovenian. Ukrainian and Russian are today closer than they were a hundred years ago due to Soviet Russification, and somewhat mutually intelligiblespeakers in Ukraine often switch back and forth from one . Czechs are more urbane. Intelligibility between Balachka and Ukrainian is not known. Its grammar is close to that of Russian. Polish, Ukrainian and even Serbo-Croatian dialects are less so, especially in the light of their geographical spread . The Czech law even states that Slovak language can be used in schools and in official documents. Reactions: So far there have been few reactions to the paper. Understanding the connection between mutually intelligible languages, can make it easier to learn an additional language. Could you please explain what you mean by language and intelligibility and hopefully remedy this failure of the original text? Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. They understand almost nothing. Most pairs have no figure for written intelligibility. The post-1991 reforms of the Ukrainian language were not an introduction of Polish or Western Ukrainian as some Russian nationalists (and non-nationalists, who believe them) claim, but rather a return to a standard adopted in Kharkiv in 1927. However, lexical similarity focuses on exclusively overlapping vocabulary to determine similarity between languages. Is there any particular method to determine this? According to former Pakistani President Musharraf Omar Sheikh who wired $100,000 to Mohammed Atta was recruited during the 90s by British intelligence. Mi povidamo Horvatski jazik means We speak croatian language in akavian. Conclusion: Foreign languages arent always as foreign as youd expect. These 4 main Polish dialects are: Greater Polish, which is spoken in the west of the country. Exposure doesnt count. You must namely take into consideration that the mutual understanding depends on many things if you are LISTENING or READING, WHAT are people talking about, HOW FAST they are speaking, and even WHO is speaking. I cannot understand that much of kajkavski nor akavski, but I can understand more akavski than I can kajkavski. I can easily translate the first two sentences: Bulgarian is the oldest documented Slavic language. Polish is not intelligible with Kashubian, a language related to Polish spoken in the north of Poland. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). But they would learn it quickly if they cared. The Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family is known for its languages being relatively closely related. My take on it is right here. Ja u da radim is a form more related to Macedonian and south eastern dialects of Serbo-Croatian. Ukranian: 20% I think that Russian has at least 89% with Belorussian, because I understand all speech in Belorusian. Also, I can only understand a small bit of Russian, and Ukrainian is even more far off for me(the pronunciation is easier but understanding is harder) and I can understand quite a bit of bulgarian(especially when written). Slovene has some commonalities with the West Slavic languages. A koine is currently under development. Macedonian: 50-60 % That barrier, however, is not too difficult to overcome. True science would involve scientific intelligibility testing of Slavic language pairs. Also, danes and swedes have a hard time understanding each other, but they can read the others language quite well. Now tokavian and akavian. That movie doesnt have subtitle in Serbia but I think its a big mistake. Polish is a disgusting sounding language. Russian on the other hand uses the Cyrillic alphabet. Czechs hardly ever study at Slovak universities. Macedonian I can understand better, and Im going to say that my comprehension of it used to lie somewhere between 90 and 95%, and Im going to cite 98% for my present knowledge theres a lot of technical vocabulary that takes a while to grasp, and a few words that I cant make sense of no matter how hard I try, but most of the differences are more marginal than between standard Serbian and Macedonian: Ability of speakers of two language varieties to understand the other, As a criterion for identifying separate languages, List of languages sometimes considered varieties, List of dialects or varieties sometimes considered separate languages, Alexander M. Schenker. Most people in Slovenia learn Serbian language so it is hard to estimate the real mutual intelligibility between Slovenian and Serbian language. Speaking of myself, after calculating everything, I can understand to specific degree Slovene, somewhat Slovak/Russian, Serbo-Croatian std without problems and also Macedonians. Despite a lot of commonality between the dialects, the differences between them are significant. Mutual intelligibilityrefers to whether speakers of one language can understand speakers of another language. On the other hand, it can be difficult for Russians to understand Ukrainian (though it is easy for them to learn it). The reason Macedonian appears not very intelligible to a Serbian speaker is because many basic words (be, do, this, that, where, etc) are completely different, however most of the rest of the vocabulary is similar or the same. .Interestingly, Ukrainians can understand the Russian language better than the Russians would understand the Ukrainian. I am communicating very often with speakers of the other Slavic languages, so I did an experiment and I tried to write something in Bulgarian for one first time. In writing, German is also somewhat mutually intelligible with Dutch. Ive yet to see a speaker of BCS that recognizes the obvious: these three languages are just the same. Kajkavian is a dialect of Slovenian language. Sorry I can`t give you percentage. Mutual intelligibility between languages can make learning them much easier. Croatian (Stokavski): 98% Sorry for my English, Im still learning itespecially right word order. My family comes from Kaikavian (50%), Chakavian (25%) and Shtokavian (25%) areas, but at home, especially last years, we prefer to use only Kaikavian-Chakavian. The two languages are not mutually intelligible, and there are significant differences in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. The fact that such process works is almost a definition of mutual intelligibility for me. can take anywhere. Polish uses Latin letters, just like English. Spoken Bulgarian is very difficult to understand for other Slavs due to phonology and unique syllable stress. And yes, comprehension has suffered since Czechoslovakia broke up, due to lack of exposure. In addition, the Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian and Russian such as (Slobozhan Ukrainian and Slobozhan Russian) spoken in Kantemirov (Voronezhskaya Oblast, Russia), and Kuban Russian or Balachka spoken in the Kuban area right over the eastern border of Ukraine are very close to each other. Test only Serbs who know almost no English (they exist in older generation). Or maybe you are just a gatekeeper. Czech and Slovak are more intelligible to me then Slovenian with Slovak more so then Czech. Scientific intelligibility studies of Czech and Slovak have shown ~82% quite high but still low enough for them to be closely related separate languages and not dialects of one language. But islanders more often say Mi povidamo na nau or domau. Other factors that one has to keep in mind is recent (and not so recent, too) history and its linguistic implications on speakers for instance, Slovaks older that about 20 dont have much trouble understanding Czech because Czech was pretty intrusive if not dominant in official and intercommunal use in Czechoslovakia until its collapse. Salute from Czech republic. 4. But still Slovene and Dalmatian akavian speaker can talk if they stick to old slavic part of their respective languages. Belic) maybe do not understand Macedonian so well as Macedonian the Serbian language do (because of the according to you Bilingual learning . The truth is that a person can often understand other dialects, except his native one. Rural variations are usually less mutually intelligible. General Musharraf says that Sheikh, who orchestrated the abduction, was recruited by MI6 while he was studying at the London School of Economics and sent to the Balkans to take part in jihad operations there. An academic paper has been published making the case for a separate Balachka language. It is best seen as a Ukrainian dialect spoken in Russia specifically, it is markedly similar to the Poltavian dialect of Ukrainian spoken in Poltava in Central Ukraine. Ekavian Chakavian has two branches Buzet and Northern Chakavian. I am a native Spanish speaker but my girlfriend is Macedonian. Not only are these Slavic languages very similar to Russian in written form, but they are also around 70% mutually intelligible. In essence, such kinds of bilingualism also improve understanding of other, unrelated Slavic languages, since two Slavic languages fill in the comprehension gaps. They are essentially speaking the same language. Mutual intelligibility is highly subjective. . (I will come to Bulgarian too). Dont let the past politics fool you. I also run a YouTube channel where I try to put the differences within the Croatias borders online since many whove seen them were surprised (or shocked). Russian influence only ended in 1878. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1284248981/last-1288620675/The+real+9-11+cover+up-+Political+hijacking++was+originally+aimed+at+Russia, http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings, http://www.btinternet.com/~nlpwessex/Documents/sheikhmedia.htm, http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/usama-bin-laden/view, http://ifaq.wap.org/society/voweldeployment.html, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58Aog4AJdQM, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1n9KMawa-8, https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9, https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA, Alt Left: Ukrainian Nazis Execute Two of Their Own Men for Refusing to Fight, The Conquest of Germany and Japan Never Ended, Protected: Post to Discuss All of the Various POIs and Theories in the Delphi Murders from the Crime to the Present, Protected to Avoid Libel and Character Assassination Part 10, NATO Helped the Ukrainians Fire All Those Drones at Russia, Including all the Way to Moscow, The Conquest and Destruction of Russia Project Goes Way Back to Post World War 2, The Jewish Conspiracy To Subject Humankind. I do hope that you understand the point. . The main Turkologist I worked with on that chapter told me that he thought 90% was a good metric. Or as an English speaker, you might catch the gist of some Scots. Northern (Istrian and Kvarner) akavian is closer to kajkavian and Slovene then Southern akavian is ( I understand 95%+ n). Price, Glanville (1971), French Language: Present and Past, Jameson Books, Pope, Mildred K. From Latin to French, with Especial Consideration of Anglo-Norman. An individual's achievement of moderate proficiency or understanding in a language (called L2) other than their first language (L1) typically requires considerable time and effort through study and practical application if the two languages are not very closely related. Usama Bin Laden is wanted in connection with the August 7, 1998, bombings of the United States Embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya. It is rather controversial outside Linguistics, as you run into nationalists and other fools who emotionally distort things. I would like to know if anyone could confirm that you could indeed . Slovak 50 % spoken, 70 % written Like rano i utro or kanapa dywan kawior. I also understand more of other Slavic languages then neotokavian speakers do. Polish and Ukrainian have higher lexical similarity at 72%, and Ukrainian intelligibility of Polish is ~50%+. This is because colloquial Ukrainian is closer to the Ukrainian spoken in the Soviet era which had huge Russian influence. I tested this on my wife by showing her news clips on Youtube. However, the Torlak Serbians can understand Macedonian well, as this is a Serbo-Croatian dialect transitional to both languages. It has a very high degree of mutual intelligibility with Galician (spoken in Northwestern Spain), which is a language thats sort of a cross between Portuguese and Spanish. What is the most mutually intelligible Slavic language? Ukrainian and Belarusian are the closest languages, as together with Russian they form the East Slavic group of languages. Still others (for example, Voegelin and Voegelin 1977) recognize just two main dialect groups: Eastern and Western Ukrainian. Yes, there are some words, which has Ukraine origins, but trust me that its not so hard to understand. Basically, when you are listening to Bulgarians, you only hear an incomprehensible row of ta-jat-to-ta-jat-ta-to-ta. some things in this article are heavily exaggerated. If we consider that syntax/lexics is the heart of language, than Serbian and Macedonian are the same language. Complaints have been made that many of these percentages were simply wild guesses with no science behind them. Young czechs and slovaks communicate on internet on daily basis and they understand each other just perfectly. Personal communication. Its often said that all Slavic languages are mutually intelligible with each other. Then she asked me to go do something useful, so this is all I can contribute with. Classifications may also shift for reasons external to the languages themselves. Czech completely and utterly incomprehensible. Below is an incomplete list of fully and partially mutually intelligible languages, that are so similar that they are sometimes considered not to be separate, but merely varieties of the same language. As a native Russian speaker, I noticed that my understanding of Polish went from 20% to 70% in a matter of hours when watching a film in Polish with subtitles. Is Ukrainian more like . Torlakians are often said to speak Bulgarian, but this is not exactly the case. Languages can also be mutually intelligible only in spoken forms such as Polish and Ukrainian or only in written forms such as Icelandic and Faroese. How is it possible if they speak the same language? Also what is a dialect and what is a language? becomes confusing for me since I can say a sentence in Kai/Cha thats almost the same in Slovene but different in BSCM standards. Macedonian side, the situation is more complicated (i will explain later). Slovak: 20% Russian: 15% spoken, 25% written [2] As a consequence, spoken mutual intelligibility is not reciprocal. Check out his page on the FBI 10 most wanted website. Serbo-Croatian and Russian have 10-15% intelligibility, if that, yet written intelligibility is higher at 25%. Hutch Mon May 14, 2007 12:25 am GMT. adrian. Here are three critical ways in which Bulgarian and Russian speakers differ. I can understand quite a bit of basic polish when it is spoken on the street, but their pronunciation is so weird its hard to notice sometimes. That is good to know. Polish and Ukrainian have higher lexical similarity at 72%, and Ukrainian intelligibility of Polish is ~50%+. Therefore . It is not true at all that Ukrainian and Russian are mutually intelligible, as Russian only has 50% intelligibility of Ukrainian. Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. If you know Polish, you're likely to understand a little Russian, Ukrainian and other Slavic languages, but this doesn't mean that the languages are mutually intelligible. The grammar in both languages is similar, but, predictably, there are a few differences: While Ukrainian includes the past continuous tense, there are only three tenses in Russian (past, present and future). I have had people give me personal estimates like 40%, 85%, 60-65%, 70%,10-15%, less than 1%, etc. I guess this would not have worked for Macedonian and Slovene in the Yugoslav army. possession is indicated most frequently using dative pronouns, unlike Serbians tendency to use possessive pronouns in greater frequency It is important to note that the idea of this paper was try to test "pure inherent intelligibility." A pure inherent intelligibility test would involve a couple of things. Intelligibility may be 85%. The reason that these languages seem to be mutually intelligible is because almost all Ukrainians are bilingual anyway, and capable of switching between the two at will. Hello can I use your comments in a paper I am writing? In writing, however, Scots language looks similar to English (albeit with some spelling variations). 6. This has, however, more to do with the new Ukrainian norm. Cieszyn Silesian or Ponaszymu is a language closely related to Silesian spoken in Czechoslovakia in the far northeast of the country near the Polish and Slovak borders. Belarusian is closer to Polish and Ukrainian than Russian. In other cases, I had to rely on the context. The intelligibility of Czech and Slovak is much exaggerated. Ja u raditi, for me, sounds more Croatian and Bosnian or at least archaic, and Serbians from Bosnia and Croatia also speaks in that way. I was born in Upper State and I can barely understand some southern speakers.Do you think the politics in USA is also preventing the formation of new languages ? Only nationalists and fanatics disagree. I would hazzard to say that Polish and Czech languages are at minimum 50% Intelligible and comprehensible between Poles and Czechs (when spoken with normal pace ) and at least 60-70% . Russian is actually a little further, but most Belarusian speakers are bilingual (Bel-Rus) and most Ukrainian . And o shifts to u. Serbians and Bosnians not so such. Although most words are in fact different, they are largely similar, being cognates, which makes both languages mutually intelligible to a significant extent; . most speakers of one language find it relatively easy to achieve some degree of understanding in the related language(s).
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