Section: 07.05, Human Anatomy Physiology Laboratory Manual Main Version, Anatomy and Physiology: An Integrative Approach, Michael McKinley, Theresa Bidle, Valerie O'Loughlin. cell-mediated % Simgle-celled microscopic animals that realease enzymes or toxing that destroy cells are called what? Section: 07.03, In antibody-mediated immunity where does the antigen first bind? Section: 07.02, In SCID, antibodies are missing but T cells function normally. The bacterium was found on hospital sinks. They are both forms of active immunity. Protozoa adhere to target cells through complex mechanisms and can cause cellular damage through release of cytopathic substances. endobj the . Which pathogen is most virulent? Acupuncture involves needles that are inserted into the skin. You have recently identified a new toxin. mononucleosis is most common amoung the elderly. __ escribo correos a mi mejor amigo. - it acts as a mutagen and carcinogen 29. Universal response b. False, False 24. which of the following would not be considered a pathogen? Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. produce antibodies. D Polio, Which disease is often called the "kissing disease" because you can get it from contact with saliva? B Inchworms toxic shock syndrome has been assiciated witht the use of what? 8 00:48:34 Multiple Choice Supergroup Amoebozoans - Giardia intestinalis (Giardiasis) Supergroup Amoebozoans - Entamoeba histolytica (Amoebiasis) Supergroup SAR - Plasmodium (Malaria) Supergroup Excavata. Section: 07.04. C Fungi How often is bloodborne pathogens training required? We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. B cell activated; antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; plasma cells form 11. You also discover that it targets liver cells. :lL2ti+KXP? Section: 07.03, The acquired defense system only recognizes and destroys cells with antigens that come from outside the body. True An employee who has been exposed to blood or OPIM must be offered a private medical evaluation. Which type of disease is this? <> a. pathogens q"]dg' ~2CqfR Z:+ C2'\&zQH4U^;D},}y 7HhTKy/5z'/wj\jB}H+Dzzke/}^bTY9bH]K0mY&0 j0#\0p(-&T"vUYIAcD+Hdb->[[~@+u@*i!VI7kiT.&S6dI&ezre^Zm;U;-)oR.s. ~s9(kB4)a26;]DP/>EahC_6KaKfho s2Lr`P(L"eG5dM|cGzU\BVszPdQj-XT2%dsg*fs9]XG%ZZ4cCzaOOzdivV> Two types of toxins are hemolysins and leukocidins. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like pathogens are one of the major sources of environmental risks. Inactivate the gene so that fimbriae are no longer produced. Organisms that lack chlorophyll and consist of reproductive spores and threadlike fibers represent what? intact skin Which type of isolation requires the following: keep the patient in a separate room with the door closed; all staff wear protective gowns, masks, and gloves; and . D. degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes, 13. Blood is the only bodily fluid that can carry pathogens. B fungus. Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. in a household with smokers, which of the following health outcomes is most likely to occur, if a family was exposed to arsenic over a long period of time, which of the following health outcomes would be most likely, nervous system disorders and problems in brain development leading to low IQ. Section: 07.04, What are the first antibodies produced by a plasma cell? ____ 1. Section: 07.05, Which autoimmune disease is associated with an inflammatory response that can damage the heart muscle and valves? does Chronic fatigue syndrome have a cure? 2 0 obj True 4. The relative risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens is great. Simple one-celled organisms that are the most powerful pathogens are what? The new gorilla brought a virus that infects gorillas without causing disease, but is virulent to chimpanzees. *Autoimmune diseases can be genetic or environmental. helps other immune responses. Therefore, it causes breaks in the skin that could serve as a portal of entry for pathogens. AIDS and tuberculosis are not autoimmune disorders. involves chemical barriers to entry. Approximately how many people die each year as a result of nosocomial infections? Who is covered by the bloodborne pathogen standard? Virulence factors contribute to a pathogens ability to cause disease. (d) affinity. they are lost as we age. The time between a pathogen invasion and the development of the first symptoms is called the what? Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Kochs postulates? Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Calculate the outside air temperature. tuberculosis 4 0 obj As a result, the patient developed bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart). "As a student, I am NOT required to receive the Hepatitis B vaccination prior to starting my clinical rotations. Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. 10. They are both forms of passive immunity. Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? This allowed Streptococcus, a bacterium normally present in the mouth, to gain access to the blood. If clearly labeled, food and drink are permitted in areas where BBP exposures may occur. %PDF-1.5 Based on these characteristics, how would you classify this toxin? Approximately how many people are affected by nosocomial infections each year in the United States? *:Q ]+]lroYQ-Q$2B&qQ1pLOQ;tg# . [8QRP{i?P-%?`ReX}:Tgx *The Mantoux skin test uses the delayed allergic response to indicate exposure to tuberculosis. 5. Two types of toxins are hemolysins and leukocidins. Number if studies suggest that these elevated concentrations can be traced back to emissions from rockets. What is the most important thing that needs to match between him and the kidney donor? epinephrine An infection is an invasion by pathogens that reproduce, multiply, and cause disease. A. degrade antibodies ____ 1. Any visible signs of illness could affect the observations made. malaria, AIDS Which of the following are considered Universal Precautions? Infect healthy rats with the complemented strain and see if the severity of disease is comparable to when rats are infected with the wild type pathogen. general Which of the following are small cell masses where protective cells are stored? *Epinephrine counteracts the effects of histamine in anaphylactic shock. 2. which of the following is a pathogen, risk is often presented as _________, which is a measure of the statistical likelihood that something will occur, generally speaking, as economic development occurs, the risk of exposure to indoor air pollution _______, and the impact of over consumption of food and tobacco _________, advocates of environmental justice seek which of the following, risks related to development spread evenly across all populations, You are working with a chemical, so to educate yourself about the chemical's hazard, you read its material safety data sheet (MSDS) the msds indicates that the LD50 for the chemical is 5 grams per kilogram body weight this LD50 indicates that____, Half of the animals tested died when given that dose of the chemical, Which of the following is a cryonic effect of exposure to a toxin, The process of risk assessment includes all of the following except, Weighing the risk against economic, social, and legal considerations, Although bisphenol (BPA) is found in plastics sold in the United States, the chemical has been banned in many countries because it is, thalidomide was banned because it was determined to be, leaded paint and gasoline are longer available in the US because lead is, which of the following pollutants is/are readily dissolved and transported in water, which of the following organisms runs the highest risk of harm as a result of the biological magnification of pollutants, which of the following diseases is spread via water containing infected human waste, how can a flu virus be more dangerous than the ebola virus, individuals infected with a flu virus tend to travel and spread the disease before they get sick, benefits that we draw from the environment, what disease is expected to become more widespread as a result of global climate change, prevent disease outbreaks and harm from natural disasters, air pollution causes considerable harm to human health, based on your understanding of how air pollution affects people, which of the following examples is most likely to cause harm, a carcinogen is released from gasoline while a car is being filled. Which of the following is not one of the functions of the lymphatic system? OSHA mandates that all employers are required to provide the Hepatits B vaccination to employees free of charge. for which type of hepatitis is there no vaccine available? agglutinating them. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. A(n) __________ pathogen causes disease only when conditions are favorable for the microorganism because of transfer to an inappropriate body site or weakened immunity in an individual. Since fungal infections are of a certain type of microorganism, areas o fhte that can be infected include all but which of the following? False, False The glycoprotein adhesion gp120 on HIV must interact with __________ on some immune cells as the first step in the process of infecting the cell. A. hemolysin Section: 07.05, All autoimmune diseases are caused strictly by environmental factors such as viral infections. 1. Small parasitic worms that attack specific tissues or organs are known as what? Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. In this case, the person has acquired a(n) __________ disease. possess specific receptors. Which of the following is a major virulence factor for the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus? Section: 07.03, Phil was exposed to parasitic worms on a recent field trip to the tropics. Which of the following would be a sign of an infection? In what position would you place a client in suspected hypovolemic shock? False 3. Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. Make sure that all rats in the study are healthy. perforin, perforin Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. B Chicken Pox Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. Show explicitly that the difference between adjacent energy levels in an infinite square well becomes arbitrarily small compared with the energy of the upper level, in the limit of large quantum number nnn. period of decline, during which the number of pathogen particles begins to decrease, and the signs and symptoms of illness begin to decline. a. *IgM antibodies activate the complement and clump cells. histamine Section: 07.03, What is the definition of an antigen? The risk of HIV/AIDS transmission from a needle stick is approximately _____ percent. Test Prep. During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patients gum with a sharp instrument. Section: 07.05, Histamine, released during inflammation, is associated with which defense mechanism? Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. innate *Anything that the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body is called an antigen. Which of the following is not considered an administrative control to prevent or minimize BBP exposure? C. collagenase rheumatic fever Calculate the natural swinging period of the system. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. The page below is a sample from the LabCE course OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens. Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? True The adaptive immune response includes: humoral immune response, cell-mediated immune response Include a diagram in your explanation. The virus infected the gorillas and chimpanzees, but only the chimpanzees got sick since the virus is not a pathogen to gorillas. Each line of The tile will have the following form: For example, suppose that the file contains the following lines: The output of the program should have the following appearance: Have the program obtain the file name from the command line. histamine. Pages 35 Ratings 100% (6) 6 out of 6 people found this document helpful; Which of the following are considered Personal Protective Equipment or PPE? red blood cells, macrophages Tuberculosis, rheumatic fever *Inflammation and the release of histamine is part of the body's innate defenses. Learn more about OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens (online CE course) Which of the following is NOT classified as a bloodborne pathogen? IgD antibodies signify the readiness of the B cells. Describe the virulence factors associated with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus. Which of the following is a common and serious foodborne pathogen? She suspects that the bacteriums fimbriae are a virulence factor. The body can only be exposed to a pathogen a second time if you do not have a vaccine. Which period is the stage of disease during which the patient begins to present general signs and symptoms? D Protozoa, Which two diseases can be life threatening? Which of the following statements about the treatment of viruses is not true? The body will not be able to fight off the pathogen quickly, because it knows how to get into the body easier. Washing your hands is one of the main ways to prevent from getting sick. ", "Hepatitis C, or HCV, has a high rate of chronic infection with an estimated _________ cases in the United States.". BCR A. Candida 1. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. AIDS is associated with the destruction of the white blood cells in the body. If all the words in a sentence are correct, write C after the sentence. Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. A Bacteria Safety glasses are not necessary when working with BBP? *The antigen first binds to the B-cell receptor (BCR) to activate antibody-mediated immunity. endobj It acts as an opsonin i.e. all of the following may contribute to urinary tract infections except? What is the minimum number of mirrors needed for this task? Which of the following does NOT fit into the category of other potentially infectious materials? Pathogen A has an ID50 of 50 particles, pathogen B has an ID50 of 1,000 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50of 1 106 particles. *Hay fever is a hypersensitivity. A . Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease? SOLVED:Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen that infects the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis. What is the name of the lymphatic vessels located in the small intestines? - virulence by inducing host cells to self destruct 20. *The purpose of a vaccination is to prevent an infection by causing active immunity. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 816.96] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> acid pH of stomach Which pathogen needs a host cell to reproduce? *(a) gas-liquid. The principal reason the company ran that ad was to attract attention. Imagine that a mutation in the gene encoding the cholera toxin was made. Section: 07.02. rheumatoid arthritis 7. (b) Would the toxin be able to cause diarrhea? have enzymes which react with antigens. The EPS protects the bacteria from the host's immune response. they act indiscriminately against all pathogens. Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Koch's postulates? Explain. B. keeps the pie chilled before serving it. How can normal flora be a barrier to entry? There is currently no vaccination available for Hepatitis B. (b) In terms of quantity of pathogen, in what way are these periods different? ", "In contrast to HIV, the Hepatits B virus has a much higher risk of transmission from something like a needle stick. What does this evidence tell you about this chemical? Science; Biology; Biology questions and answers; Which of the following is the best storage solution for transporting a sputum sample containing a potential pathogen? Section: 07.02. Draw the symbol that represents the pathogen. Section: 07.02, Which of the following is not a sign of inflammation? C infection. D. Giardia. normal flora (bacteria mostly), neutrophils and macrophages pneumonia Primary pathogens are capable of causing pathological changes associated with disease in a healthy individual. Which of the following is the correct definition of the term Nosocomial Infection? swelling The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. damage resulting in cell lysis Margination is defined as the process in which monocytes stick to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Fungi initiate infections through the interaction of adhesins with receptors on host cells. ten percent bleach used as a cleaning agent should be made fresh every the continous links in the chain of infection in order, source, means if transmission, and susceptible host. A Virus When stung by a bee, Jackie goes into anaphylactic shock. A biological or physical vehicle that carries an agent to a host describes a what? This page titled 15.E: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity (Exercises) is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Pathogen A has an ID50 of 50 particles, pathogen B has an ID50 of 1,000 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50 of 1 106 particles. 16. they act indiscriminately against all pathogens. become plasma cells. The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. What is one disease most children are vaccinated against? The reason the complement system is called that is because it A disease causing organism is called at what? T cells can recognize antigens because they Two periods of acute disease are the periods of illness and period of decline. Legal. ", Organisms or the toxins they produce that can cause disease in people or animals are known as, "Any item that has the potential to pierce, cut, or puncture the skin should be disposed of in a proper puncture proof container immediately after being used.". Based on these characteristics, how would you classify this toxin? I will be given an exposure plan by my clinical instructor/coordinator detailing what steps I should take if I am exposed to a potentially infectious source while at my clinical site. "Even indirect contact with HBV, such as getting spilled blood on a small cut on your hand, is considered a significant sourse of occupational exposure. interferon. What is the similarity between mitosis and meiosis? Virulence, the degree to which a pathogen can cause disease, can be quantified by calculating either the ID50 or LD50 of a pathogen on a given population. (a) Would the toxin be able to enter into the intestinal epithelial cell? False, False B Bacteria a. the vehicle that carries the pathogen b. a person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen c. a person who has a party for friends and family d. the intermediate resevoir where the pathogen lives A person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. HCG They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. who should not get vaccinated for meningitis? Which of the lymphatic organs is also part of the skeletal system? they work very, very quickly. antibodies. memory cell Humoral immunity: The B-cells produce an army of proteins is response to the pathogen. 12. perchlorate is released as a gas form rockets but is then dissolved into water in the atmosphere or when it falls to the ground, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. Cytokines are being investigated for a possible treatment of which disease? Section: 07.03, In ______ immunity the individual produces antibodies against particular pathogens while in ______ immunity the individual is given specific antibodies against a pathogen. A world-class bicycle rider can generate one-half horsepower for long periods. a targeted and highly specific response to a single pathogen or molecule. B. hay fever Consider the leg as two rods joined rigidly together at the knee; the axis for the leg is the hip joint. what is the importance of corals? degrade nucleic acid to promote spread of pathogen, degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes. This category is best described by which of the following? Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brians case. The final temperature of the system is 100^\circC. Some infections cause disease, which is any deviation from the normal function or structure of the host. We]D!DTJewEj(dd.v,"t?huBwh7Vr5qjazNlAZO;8?&EToAb#xBxjzl?ch"x\}CAASM{Pj\^ViATinfMi\k+>!aOi/_gw]6/U)M~+ 8c Zj-L*c. D Bacteria, What is the common cold's pathogen. eosinophils 3. A Strep throat Signs of a disease are objective and are measured. The lymphatic system will play a role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining a state of homeostasis. Molecular Kochs postulates are used to determine what genes contribute to a pathogens ability to cause disease. Which of the following pathogens undergoes antigenic variation to avoid immune defenses? IgM True which biological agent is not considered by terrorist for the mass destruction of people? B Mumps and measles 25. 36. people who were recently vaccinated for the flu. Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 1: Microorganisms & the Chain of Infection Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. In July 2015, a report1 was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. *Lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and T lymphocytes travel to the thymus to mature. 19. eqR)BZZt[A Does the Earth really go around the Sun? Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? IgA, IgM Which period is the stage of disease during which the patient begins to present general signs and symptoms? Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. Immunity produced by the injection of gamma globulin is known as what? bone marrow and thyroid neutrophils and macrophages D Strep throat and pneumonia, __________ are single celled organisms. Some have glycans on their surface which the immune system fails to recognize. -An employee who is exposed to a pathogen during the course of regular work duties. A) the sticking of monocytes to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection. promote pathogen spread through connective tissue. the purpose of a protective environment for highly immunosuppressed patient is prevent transmission of infection to patient, Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology: Cha, Radiation Protection Radiation Monitoring, Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins. 83209Bi{ }_{83}^{209} \mathrm{Bi}83209Bi or 96242Cm{ }_{96}^{242} \mathrm{Cm}96242Cm. Check all that apply Activation or inactivation of host cell DNA Binding to RNAs that silence genes Affect host cell DNA that is responsible for cytoskeleton organization Exchange of capsule genes between pathogen and host cell Secretion of .
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